Vba clear variable - a solution to

How do you clear a variable in VBA?

You can assign the Empty keyword to explicitly set a variable to Empty. Use the IsEmpty Function to check whether a variable has been initialized. The function returns a Boolean value - returns True for an uninitialized variable or if a variable is explicitly set to Empty, otherwise the function returns False.

- This is important because it will help your code run faster. The advantage of VBA is that it can hold many things in memory and work through that memory to give you the result you want. And we work with the VBA memory when we use variables.

By default, VBA assigns the data type Variant. And variant means that it changes depending on the data type. So if this data type is text, number, date, etc. a number and a bit more if it's text, so if it's a string.

Now that you know that the variable you are going to use is a small number, because you are only capturing page numbers, for example, you can declare that variable as a byte. Guess how much storage space a byte takes up? One byte. So that's one compared to 16.

And that's a big difference, which becomes obvious with the larger macros, the more complex, longer macros. Every data type has a range. So let me show you what I mean by that.

Let's first take a look at the common data types. I've ranked them by popularity based on my own code. You can see that the smaller the space used, the smaller the area here.

For example, a byte has a range from zero to 255. Now let's imagine that the report you created is actually 300 pages and you want to keep that number in the variable that you have already declared as a byte. You will encounter a problem and that problem is It will be a VBA error because it cannot handle this type of data.

It cannot put that 300 or any number above 255 into this variable. Instead of using bytes in this case, you can use integers, which also takes up a lot less space. Only two bytes compared to the 16 bytes for Variant.

If you are going through a lot of rows you are on the safe side with Long as it has a really large range of data that can handle the number of rows in Excel. So be careful not to declare them as integers if you think you might have data that will go s beyond that number of rows.Boolean uses two bytes of memory.

Double is good for declaring percentages or doing calculations that require high precision. String is for Text.Object is for things like declaring areas a cell as a range or a sheet as a worksheet, or when declaring workbooks in variables, you need an Object data type.

Now Variant can come in handy too, as you might run into in the event that you have a variable that could be Boolean but it might not keep anything in it either. So if it really changes between different data types, it makes sense to declare it as a variant. Declaring variables basically means that you let VBA know in advance that it needs to free up space for your variables, which is, in most cases, less than the default value.

We use the DIM keyboard in front of the variable. The names you give the variables is entirely up to you. However, special naming rules apply.

Use the underscore instead, starting with a number. You can't use a period or an exclamation point or other obvious symbols like the @ sign or the dollar, etc. Also, try to come up with a nickname that is short and as obvious as possible.

In this case, I declare the my text variable to be a string data type, which is basically text. Some programmers want to follow a naming convention. A common naming convention is to use the initials of the data type in your variable, so if something is an integer, for example, you would put int before the variable or just i before the variable, and in this case, if my text is String is, I would put strmyText.

Personally, I don't follow any particular rules other than a few rules I made for myself. For spreadsheets only, I would use sh in front of the name. For user forms, I also add an initial letter to let me know what type of control I am referring to in this user form.

Otherwise I left my name choice options open. So it's really up to you. Choose the method that you can identify with the most.

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Let's say I define the last line as Long because it could be a large number. I have a lot of rows in Excel so I define them as Long. If I didn't put anything here, it is automatically defined as a variant, which takes up more space than the definition as long.

Now I want to assign the number of rows to this variable. Officially, you do this with a let statement. You would say 'leave the last row the same' and I will only count the rows period, that is the number of rows in my Excel worksheet.

So this let statement is something you may not have seen in other projects. That's because it's optional and people don't use it. But in reality this last line makes you the same.

But you don't need it, so you won't see it in my code either. I'll leave it out. But just so you know what it is in case you see it in other codes you need to work with.

Variables not only contain data and string types, they can also contain objects. Common on objects is for example the Workbook object, Worksheet or the Range object. You declare it that way.

To assign variables to objects, you need something and you need the set statement you have a problem. You have to say, 'new hand sets active hand'. I forgot a lot about that at the beginning.

I still sometimes forget when I write the code. But the way I remember it is the moment you realize that you declared something that isn't a String, that isn't Long, that isn't Integer, it looks like an object because it's a workbook , worksheet or area, you need to specify. If not, you will get an error message.

I'll show you the type of error you are getting. When you see this, remember that you have probably forgotten the keyword you set. This tutorial is part of my Excel VBA course.

If you want to learn more, check out the descriptions below the article. If you like this article don't forget to give it a thumbs up and see more articles like this one why not subscribe to these channels so you can get updates when they come out.

How do you empty a variable?

The Clear-Variable cmdlet deletes the data stored in a variable, but it does not delete the variable. As a result, the value of the variable is NULL (empty). If the variable has a specified data or object type, this cmdlet preserves the type of the object stored in the variable.

Did you recently ask a student if there is any other way to define a variable to find a function than the one I like best, so I'm going to suggest four ways to define or store function number one, The number two I recommend there is a saint called: equals which is a really nice tip, the third way is just define and whatever it will be and then use an equal sign and then the fourth way is the old school -Method TI 83 84 which stores the control variable thelittle with the arrow and us I'll also talk about how to run a function or variable, and then I'll show you some derived tips along the way, so let's start I'll have a page I'm using the control I'm adding a page this time, maybe next time I'll do control anddock for adding a page and here comes a graph page so it already says F 1 now look at this, if you don't want to use F 1, you can make whatever variable we want, for example F if you want to know what f is of X or or G from Xlet's do G from X bec because it's different from F, so let's say G from X is equal to Xsine and hmm X notice something funny here if I just hit Enter Disappointingly nothing is graphed I hit Tab and an up arrow to around still seeing my G of X, hmm because it's me x times the sine of X we can have more variables that are longer than just one letter we can have, if we want to define the function xn then we could , but now it says x times sine of Xtadam and it's graphed pretty nicely. I will add another page control document for adding a page I will add a calculator page as I am using the ti-nspire CXcasts. I can tell what G of X is and it will tell me what G of X is on numerical inspiration it can't tell you that it would say, hey I don't know what X is, you could tell me what Xi is, and I'll tell you what it is, but on each one could say what G is of two and on each of 10 on the numeric Nspire, if I say G of 2 I would have the decimal rather than the exact one given, similarly we could say G of X such that a ni ce small control equals backward arrow vertical bars so that x equals 2.

Hey by the way, if you ever have a decimal in there you get a decimal answer, so that was my first favorite way to define something graphically, the second way is, and that's how we did it by the way graphcontrol-m for a math box G. of X boom and that tells us what is equal or right so let's do that next let's go how about f of X let's do a mathematical box control M f of X can be defined have you ever got it right over noticed that? mathtemplate in other words control mathtemplate you get the colon equal to Jakolon can be found in the punctuation there is a colon and then right here under control Escape so our f is from X and let's say this is the derivative the first time the derivative of the second cosine I could hit trick twice and I get the cosine of X plus the second time the derivative of the first side of it. Now it's defined, the next way is to use the definition when I go back to the calculator pag e I think I'll hit the ctrl arrow up and show you the page layout I have three pages in this problem I'll jump over here and I wanted to show you the menu options under Menu.

The first choices are actions and they say we could define something, so let's define, but note that there is a clear A to Z. We could better delete all variables between A to Z or functions There is a single one Delete variable ok, so here we define so we define wedid we have F we made G let's do H let's define H from X equal to mm-hmm how about the derivative how about shift - and that works either on this Kass or on the numerical Inspiretab and let's do from G from X Let's take the derivative of G from X it is now defined and so that was on the next method and this can also be done on a calculator page on the calculator side the menu will be a bit look different menu you want to go to the calculations and then you get all your familiar friends from algebra calculus etc. under defined variables, right? Make sense and it's defined and see that we could also delete a variable from the notes page so there is a definition and like I said you have to say whatever your letter is.

Let's see we used H so mm-hmm we could do other letters too, if you wanted to use J of X equals to watch this tip shift - sine X how about I use the up arrow try again , what if I use the caret, yes the caret like in the race ^ I'm in the derivation, what happens if I increase the potency? How about I did the second derivative, the second derivative of G of X, there you have the right gate and you can use another method and this little memory thing is backwards I don't like this one so much because it's backwards, what if i wanted to redefine f of x instead of being that mmm oh maybe i'll rename farm x for the last time i just call it the derivative hmm maybe i call the derivative so i say the derivative around june - Do the derivative tab of G of XG of X, and then I use my little control variable and save that as H of X and now it's going to be fine, I had already defined it that way, but there it's defined again, well done, if we look at some of the beauty of what just happened, when we go to a graphics page, we can easily slide indifferent things like H from Xarrow down, how about J from X? that's nice what about how i made f of x wondering if f of x or something interesting oh it's the same as something else it might be nice to take pictures of some of the same things to show hey these two are the same and then we can note helpful things for the calculus like here at the maximum minimum it's zero and then ah that has to be the derivative and then it looks like the concavity changes from concave debt up to concave down and is here the second root is zero so are some nice things you can do with derivatives that define things

How do you clear a string in VBA?

Erase StrVarArray ' Each element set to zero-length ' string (''). Erase StrFixArray ' Each element set to 0. Erase VarArray ' Each element set to Empty. Erase DynamicArray ' Free memory used by array.

- Welcome to Excel Campus. My name is Jon and in this article I am going to explain how to use a VBA macro to delete rows based on the value of a cell. So here we have some data, and let's say we want to delete some rows Here, maybe all these cells that have a space in the product column, or dates before a certain date or maybe some other value, we just want to delete all rows, that contain these values.

Well we can do this process with a macro, let's jump to the VBA editor and look at this. Developer tab, Visual Basic button, keyboard shortcut is Alt + F11. And I've prepared a few macros here that we'll go through and I'll explain and I'll make this file available for free download as well and I will include a link to it in the description under this article, Now there are many different ways to do this process in Excel Use the Mostis to filter just the area and then delete the visible rows.

So if we go back to Excel here, for this first mac ro, we're going to only filter the product column for spaces, so it would be similar to this where we only filter for spaces, and we have all these lines here that start with spaces in the Product column and we just select all of those visible lines here and delete them. And that's exactly what the macro does, so I'll be quick to clear that filter. Jump back to the VBA editor.

So we have this macro here, and it's really easy, it's really just two steps or three steps. First, even though I have this step to only set the variable for the worksheets, in this case we are doing this in this worksheet with regular range in this workbook. Once we have this variable, then we can simply refer to it below.

The first step is to apply a filter using the AutoFilter method on the fourth column in this area, B3 through G1000. And the criterion we're going to set this filter to is empty just have nothing for the criteria. And I have a whole article that ex explains the AutoFilter method in more detail and how to apply filters to different types of data.

I'll put a link to it in the description below this article so you can check it out too to see how it works. I'll just move the VBA editor here a little bit. Put my text cursor here, I'll press F8 on the keyboard to start this.

We highlight that line here and then I hit F8 again to run this line so you can see here in Excel that the filter has been applied to the product column for spaces and then the next step or line of code here will be all the visible cells Select It uses the SpecialCells method here, selects only the visible cells and then deletes those cells, so it really deletes all of the rows. So if I press F8 on the keyboard you get this warning by just asking us if we want to delete the entire sheet row and at this point we can either sa y OK or we can cancel. So I say OK and that will of course delete those lines and the next step here is just clearing the filters.

Now you don't have to have this step anymore. But of course it's nice to then clear the filters so you can see all the data, so for that I'll press F8 on the keyboard and that clears all these filters see that the warning message appears, you can just delete the apostrophes to these Comment out both lines of code, Application.DisplayAlerts, this property will set them to False, which bypasses the warning message that is displayed, and then we can also reset that to True, then to display any additional warning messages that might appear in the future.

And that's really the whole macro, it's pretty simple, doesn't require loops or anything like that, we use the AutoFilter method and just apply these filters to showor display all the cells we want to delete or all the rows we delete then delete them using this method right here. Well, underneath I also have a macro that works with Excel spreadsheets. So if your data is in an Excel spreadsheet like this one, the macro is very similar.

It's almost the exact same macro. Instead, to refer to a sheet and an area on the sheet, we only have this variable for the ListObject which is an Excel table in VBA. Now let's set this variable here.

In this case, I'm using the sheet's code name, so this sheet is the sheet right here, and then the first list item on the sheet. If you have more than one table on a sheet, you can refer to the name of the table here too, something like Table1 would be a reference you could use as well. In case I am only referring to the sheet, I'm sorry that Index number of the table, and the rest of the code is practically the same.

In this case, we're going to delete all lines that contain the expression Product 2 or the. contain value Product 2 in the Product column, which in turn is the fourth column there, and this is the line of code that removes that from the DataBodyRange so that this is the area below the header line in the table. Here, too, all visible cells are deleted and then the filter is deleted.

In this case I turned off DisplayAlerts and we won't see this warning when we do this. Go ahead and press F5 or the Run button to do that. Just take a second to run, and now here if we just click on our filter drop down you can see that we no longer have product 2 in the product column here.

If you like this article, please click the big red Subscribe button below the article to subscribe to our channel, and also click the notification bell icon to be notified when new articles are published. So that was the basics, but I've added a few additional macros with some advanced functionality to this workbook. The first one shows a custom warning message, so jump back into the VBA editor and we will scroll down to this macro here and right here we will be the number of lines left after we apply the filter so we filter again after product 2 in the product column but in this case it will return this or count the number of visible rows we will delete and then a message box will appear telling us how many rows will be deleted and ask if we can want to continue.

So go ahead and do this. Hit F5 on the keyboard or run this macro and we can see we get this warning message come and tell us that 105 lines will be deleted and ask us if we want to continue. We can also see the filter applied here in the table, delete the correct number of rows before actually deleting them, and then you can click either Yes or No here.

Of course, if you click Yes, the macro will continue to run and these will be deleted. If you click no, it won't be based on this section here, we'll return the answer based on the button click on that variable here and then this if statement will check if the button that was clicked was yes , and if so, we run this section of code to delete those lines and clear the filter. If not, if no was pressed then we just skip the entire section and the macro will no longer run.

And of course you can also move the line to clear the filter outside of the if statement or below the if statement down here if you want to clear the filters after pressing No, for example, clearing rows based on multiple values ​​or several criteria. Jump back to Excel here, we have a different sheet for that, and in this case we might want to delete something in the product column, all spaces but maybe only for a specific date or time so if we jump back to the VBA editor , I have this here for our filter criteria, column four would be empty and column one will be less than January 1, 2015 and logic in which both criteria must be met. I press F8 to step through this and we jump to Excel and we can see these filter criteria so now these are all the spaces in the product column but only where the date is 2014 or less than Jan 1st, 2015 .

And then the rest of the macro is the same, and we will keep deleting those visible lines. If you have some logic between the columns and you might want to delete it when the date is 2014 or the product column is blank, you can definitely do that too, you can run two separate macros or you can set up a column that has logic to or logic has a formula for it or logic and I have examples of it in this article about the AutoFilter method so again I am adding a link in the description under this article where you can check, I hope these macros will help you Quickly delete rows based on the value of a cell or multiple values. If you have any questions or suggestions please leave a comment below.

If you'd like to learn more about macros then join a free upcoming webinar on the Seven Steps to get part ting started with macros and VBA. During this training I will explain how to write your first macro, in what order Your code is running, what the dots between words mean, and some of those complex things that are hard to understand when we are. Start with macros so you can really automate Excel and save a lot of time in your work.

So click the link just below this article to sign up for the free webinar. I look forward to seeing you there.

How do you clear a string variable?

In this episode, we're going to look at Protostar's Level 1 Exploit Drills format. This class of vulnerability is weird, but it blew my mind the first time I saw it. So first of all ... what are format strings? Probably the best known function in C is printf.

Printf prints formatted data to stdout. In my 'Programming in C' article, I used printf to print a name that a user can supply. The parameters for printf () are the following parameters is the so-called 'format string'.

In that early article it was “Knock, knock.” Percent 'S'. And we used argv as the second parameter.

Which contains a string. So printf read the format string and found the percent 'S' which means that a string belongs at this position. So it takes the first passed variable, in this case argv, and places the string there.

Format strings support many different types of variables, for Example% d what a. is signed decimal. or% x to display a number in hex.

And there is more you can do. For example, if you include a number between the percentage and the identifier, you can indicate what size to pad. And you can for example prefix this number with a 0 to pad the result with zeros.

Such formatting string functions are also available in other languages. For example, you can use pretty much the same functions in python.Print - a format string with percent and then the variables after it with a different percent sign.

Or, better still, use the format function, which is a slightly different one Syntax. But in the end it is. And now you ask yourself, how the hell can something that only outputs text be exploited? So let's look at the format level 1 source code.

Main calls the function vuln with the string of argv and the string is placed in printf. And then we have a global variable target that is checked to see if it has changed. Pretty much similar to the early stack buffer overflow challenges.

We have to manipulate this value. But how can we manipulate a variable in memory? with printf? Well? Let's do this one step at a time. Let's run the program first.

As you can see, it will just print everything we deliver in argv. That looks simple. But there is one little thing to be aware of .

Which parameter of printf () does the attacker control? ...

It is not the second parameter as in the programming in C-Video. It is the first parameter. The format string.Soooo ...

Can we just use a percentage syntax? Try we it. Let's put in a format string. Test '% d'.Oh damn.

It printed a number. Strange. Let's add something else! Woha. more numbers.

Let's put them out as hex instead of signed decimal. This looks more familiar. Do you remember the articles we watched the stack in? Do the values ​​that start with bffff remember anything? That were stack addresses.

So what are we printing here? If you've seen the previous episode about inverting C you will know how functions are called. Especially in 32bit. The parameters are simply put on the stack and then the function is called.

So if you were to use printf normally, your variables that you want to print will be placed on the stack. Now no variables are placed on the stack. So what values ​​do you read? Obviously you're reading everything printf can find on the stack.

So what can you do with it? First of all, it's a memory leak vulnerability. You can lose all sorts of things off the stack. Imagine if you had one Program with ASLR, which means that the position of the stack in memory is random.

And you don't know where it is, but you need the address for a buffer overflow to jump to the shellcode. This means that you can lose values ​​from the process memory, or more precisely from the stack, and thus possibly lose stack addresses. Those can then be used in a second step for a buffer overflow.

In a recent CTF I played there was an exploitable challenge where I used a format string vulnerability to lose the stack canary overflows. When I get this number I can bypass this protection. What I have done is leak some strange values ​​from a process memory first doesn't sound like much, but there are plenty of examples you could come up with that will reveal this Some memory could help take advantage of a target.

After all, bugs like Heartbleed 'only' lost some memory and it was horrible. Ok, but in our specific case. How can we use this to change a value, values ​​can leak rom the stack.

Let's take a look at the printf manpage.man 3 printf. And let's scroll down to the familiar BUGS section.

It says, 'If something comes from untrustworthy user input, it can contain% n, resulting in printf (). Call to write to memory and create a security hole “And a little further above, the specifier 'n' is explained as follows: n The number of characters written so far is stored in the whole number specified by the pointer argument int * (or variant) So percentage 'n' writes the number of characters already printed in a variable. And a variable is just an area in memory.

And we know that we need to use a pointer to indicate where that area is. In assembly code, a pointer is simply an address, so printf knows where to write the result. So if you were to write a legitimate C program with% n, you would be placing a pointer to an integer variable as a parameter to printf or in. placing assembler this would simply put the address of the variable on the stack.

This means that whatever value t has on the stack is used as the storage location to which printf will write. Now you can basically solve this challenge on your own. We have to write a value in target.

So let's use objdump -t to find all the symbols from this binary file. And here is the address of the target variable. If printf is to write something at this point, we have to find this address on the stack.

Let's start with the investigation. I'll be using Python and a one-line script directly from the command line via -c to help me print a test string. For example 10 hex numbers.

Mh. Maybe I want to separate them. Doesn't look like the address is here.

Maybe if we print more values ​​from the stack. No. Not here.

Maybe more? Wait a minute. What a strange pattern is that. From the values ​​of these hex values, it could be ASCII.

After all, hex 20 is a space. With Python we can quickly convert these hex values ​​to ASCII characters. And wooohh ..% x? This looks like our string we supplied.

Let's test this. Let's add a bit of As, because we can easily see these ASCII values. Now all we have to do is search for 4141414141.

And indeed. There is our ace. And that makes sense.

Because the program arguments are just stored on the stack, like the environment variables and other stuff. Cool. This means that we can simply put the address of the destination on the stack ourselves by adding it to our string.

So get the address again for target, and then we can put the address in our string. Maybe you wrap them up in some A's and B's so we can easily find it in the output. Uhhh. yes. there it is.cool! so in theory we just have to replace the% x that printed that address with% n to write to that address instead. you could do it smarter, but I'll just find out with try and error.

You have to be careful because do you remember our previous articles where the stack shifted due to environment variables? The program argument of different lengths that we supply also moves in the stack. So you may have to fumble around quite a bit to just get it right. Ok, that took a bit, but looks cool.

The last% x now seems to point to our address. And if we put the x through the n replace, we changed the address to write to that address target. And you can imagine that if we could write anywhere in memory, we could override things to redirect code execution as well.

So this will be the case in later levels. Just a little tip if you're working on format string exploits It makes sense to keep the attack string the same length. You don't have to fiddle around a lot.

Just use a python script that always expands or shortens the string by about 500 characters or so. And then you have enough space to play around and the pile won't move.

Can you clear a non-object variable in VBA?

You can't 'clear' a non-object variable, you can only set it to a defined value. For a string variable, that's usually the empty string '. For object variables, there is Set myObj = Nothing. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

How to clear public variables in Visual Basic?

You have to reset all variables one by one. You just use syntax like the follwing: You can set them to whatever you want, you don't have to use zeroes for integers, nor empty strings for string. RE: How do I clear Public Variables? It would be cleaner to close the form and Open a new one for each 'go 'round'. Put a Clear method into your form.

How to clear the range variable in Excel?

In the method below, I set the value to '. One should use r.Value=' to be more literal. You could use any of Clear properties for the Range object r. Thanks for your help everyone, the problem was i was calling it after to see if it indeed has been de-selected.

Is it possible to empty a variable in Excel?

You can't empty a variable of type integer, since empty is not an integer. If you have a variant variable which is currently of subtype integer you can reset it to empty: Also, the performance hit of using variants might not be as great as you fear. An informal test: